Abstract
On the one hand, the hyper-urbanization phenomenon gives numerous advancements in urban living quality, yet on the other hand, it also raises an equal amount of problems. Environmental issues come in the form of density issues, the existence of slums, floods, social inequality, and urban architectural identity. As a city with “City of a Thousand Rivers” as its brand, Banjarmasin now faces a shift in an urban architectural image from a river based city to a land-based city due to the rapid land-based infrastructure development. This resulted in the degradation of environmental and architectural quality of river-based village (kampong) settlement, the main component of Banjarmasin river front city, due to a strong paradigm shift. Kuin, a river side residential area/riverside tourist destination that is currently experiencing a degradation of environmental quality and place identity, is undergoing an urban renewal. Unfortunately, the policy approaches to urban planning that has been implemented are based on general formal guidelines; guidelines which do not take the informal nature of kampong river-side settlements, due to the lack of guidelines based on riverside place identity. This paper aims to explore the characteristics of riverside settlement using architectural image observation method, space syntax method for analyzing settlement configuration genotype, connectivity, interface and interlink territory integration, as well as questionnaire and interview methods to assess the perceptions of residents and municipal authorities. From the results of this research, five compositions forms have been identified: attachment to riverside settlement identity in the form of pilling, spanning, floating, embracing, and ascending with elements such as waterfront alleys, jukung (traditional boat), lanting (floating houses) as well as floating traditional markets that serves as the frame to the configuration. The identification process is done by using the approach of observing the spaceuse appropriation and the space-user perception on how to consider its sustainability aspect as a means to determine a level of adjustment. The result shows that self organized and self customized kampong residents and tourist are aware towards the river environment, the assets of local floating markets as well as the local social space. On the other hand, municipal authorities gave more attention to formal normative and regulative aspects. This analysis is used as the basis for recommendations for kampong riverside settlement design consolidation, which is done through guided participatory design workshops. The result of this study is constructed as a concept for urban riverfront composition architecture, amphibious space territory, and urban riverfront settlement identity and expected to be able to further advance the knowledge surrounding the subject of urbanism and territoriality.
Highlights
The place identity of an area is strongly determined by the attachment value of its social, economic, and environmental aspects
Based on the results of visual observation, it can be identified that the elements of Kuin riverside's place identity are the floating market, traditional boats boat, lanting traditional floating houses, traditional waterfront alleys, historic mosque, and traditional festivals
Tourist agreed that floating houses and traditional jukung are important identities and that the historic mosque and floating pedestrian are not. last but not least, government officials perceives floating houses and the floating market as an important identity while floating pedestrian, traditional boats and traditional festival are less important
Summary
The place identity of an area is strongly determined by the attachment value of its social, economic, and environmental aspects. The identity of Banjarmasin as a city of a thousand rivers and the Venice of the East is currently experiencing a visual degradation. This is due to the area’s aggressive land-based urban development. Kuin as a region famous for its traditional floating markets is indicated to experience a decrease in value of its identity. This is indicated by the declining number of floating market traders, the number of incoming tourists, as well as the increase of housing density and the degradation of the quality of the river, which in turn affected riverside settlements. The land-based approach utilized by municipal regulation has side-lined local riverbased values
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