Abstract
In this study, sodium alginate film (Alg) was coated with electrospun collagen glue (Col) extracted from rabbit skin waste, loaded with different commercial antimicrobial agents (chitosan, AG425K and ZnONPs) and investigated in terms of morphological, structural and biological properties. The coated nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDS), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tests. The cytotoxicity was investigated on murine L929 fibroblasts using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Microbiological tests were performed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans ATCC 27853 standard strains. In vitro cell culture tests showed a good cytocompatibility of the coated nanostructured systems, except the sample loaded with ZnONPs, which exhibited a highly cytotoxic effect. Alg-Col-ZnONPs nanostructure inhibited the growth and multiplication of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacterial strains. The results of new coated nanostructures may be useful for the development of sustainable biomaterials in a circular economy, with bioactive properties for medical wound dressings.
Highlights
Materials with bioactive properties for tissue engineering and long-term antibacterial properties are strongly desired for wound healing
The L929 murine fibroblasts cultivated in the presence of the electrospun materials exhibited low levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium after 24 and 48 h of treatment, similar to those of the control, except for alginate film (Alg)-collagen glue (Col)-ZnONPs, which presented double levels of LDH activity (Figure 6). These results suggested no cytotoxic effect of the coated electrospun alginate and collagen-based materials, except for those containing ZnONPs
The novel coated nanostructures based on electrospun collagen–aqueous antimicrobial agents nanofibers deposited onto alginate films were prepared and investigated for assessing these biomaterials as potential candidates for wound medical dressings, contributing to environment protection by reducing the quantity of waste from leather industry
Summary
Materials with bioactive properties for tissue engineering and long-term antibacterial properties are strongly desired for wound healing. Many antibiotic-loaded dressings with excellent antibacterial properties have been developed, toxic effects, anaphylactic reactions and the resulting “super bacteria” that occurred due to drug resistance caused growing concern for finding new treatments [1,2,3]. Metal nanoparticles can be used for wound treatment as inorganic agents, composites or coated nanomaterials formulated using the electrospinning technique [6]. Special properties of nanofibers are explained by their specific surface-areato-volume ratio and the ability to form porous and interconnected pores [7]. Besides the special surface-to-volume ratio, the nanofibers are fabricated from natural biopolymers, which can mimic the structure of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). The NP toxicity and accumulation of heavy metal ions in the organs of those treated with nanomaterial antibacterial agents cannot be ignored [8]. Finding antibacterial agents with high antibacterial properties as well as proper biomaterials with proven biocompatibility remains a significant challenge for the preparation of new antibacterial wound dressings
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