Sustainable approach to the synthesis of 1,4-disubstitued triazoles using reusable Cu(II) complex supported on hydroxyapatite-encapsulated α-Fe2O3 as organic–inorganic hybrid nanocatalyst

Abstract

A novel Cu(II) complex supported on hydroxyapatite-encapsulated α-Fe2O3 as organic–inorganic hybrid nanocatalyst (α-Fe2O3@Hap@Cu) was synthesized and used in the preparation of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives under green reaction conditions. In this protocol, water was used as solvent under aerobic conditions at room temperature, with low catalyst loading, while ensuring the recovery and reusability of the catalyst. The catalyst affords excellent selectivity in formation of the desired products in short reaction time (10–35 min) and excellent yields (85–98%). The paramagnetic nature of the catalyst led to its easy and convenient separation by an external magnet and reused for 11 consecutive runs without significant loss in activity. The structure of the catalyst was established by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, VSM and TGA analyses.