Sustainable Agriculture: Nutritional Benefits of Wheat–Soybean and Maize–Sunflower Associations for Hibernation and Reproduction of Endangered Common Hamsters

Mathilde Louise Tissier,Jean-Patrice Robin,Caroline Habold,Florian Kletty

doi:10.3390/su132413521

Mathilde Louise Tissier, Jean-Patrice Robin + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413521

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Abstract

Farmland species face many threats, including habitat loss and malnutrition during key periods of their life cycle. This is aggravated in conventionally managed monocultures, leading to nutrient deficiencies that impair the survival and reproduction of farmland wildlife. For instance, protein deficiencies in wheat or vitamin B3 deficiency in maize reduce by up to 87% the reproductive success of the critically endangered common hamster (Cricetus cricetus), a flagship species of European farmlands. It is urgent to identify and implement agricultural practices that can overcome these deficiencies and help restoring hamsters’ reproductive success. As part of a conservation program to diversify farming habitats in collaboration with farmers, we tested whether associations between wheat or maize and three supplemental crops (soybean, sunflower and fodder radish) supported hamsters’ performance during hibernation and reproduction. We observed that maize–sunflower, maize–radish and wheat–soybean associations minimized hamsters’ body mass loss during hibernation. The wheat–soybean association led to the highest reproductive success (N = 2 litters of 4.5 ± 0.7 pups with a 100% survival rate to weaning), followed by maize–sunflower and maize–radish. These crop associations offer promising opportunities to overcome nutritional deficiencies caused by cereal monocultures. Their agronomic potential should promote their implementation on a large scale and benefit farmland biodiversity beyond the common hamster.

Highlights

Current biodiversity loss [1,2] is especially pronounced in farmlands, where bird populations have decreased by more than 50% since the 1970s [3]
As part of a LIFE+ Nature and Biodiversity Project, i.e., projects supported by the EU that develop and implement environmental and nature conservation solutions, oral communications were initiated with farmers in 2013 to identify innovative crops that may be favorable for common hamsters (LIFE+ ALISTER)
We found that common hamsters used two differble crop associations

Summary

Introduction

Current biodiversity loss [1,2] is especially pronounced in farmlands, where bird populations have decreased by more than 50% since the 1970s [3]. In Europe, its distribution area has decreased by 74% in only 50 years [11]. In Alsace, the only French area of presence of this species, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) alone can cover more than 80% of arable land some years [17]. These two crops are deficient in essential nutrients, which can reduce hamster reproduction by up to 87% [18,19].

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