Sustainability Triangle Framework for Digital Health Systems: A Conceptual Model for Sustainable Health Care

Abstract

COVID-19 has revolutionized the healthcare systems globally with the accelerated implementation of digital health interventions. Digital innovation in patient care through various approaches like eHealth and mHealth has gained popularity and is considered effective for encountering challenges concerning healthcare accessibility. Along with the ability of digital health systems to adapt and evolve, a congruence of social, economic, and environmental sustainability is essential for any program to be “sustainable.” In this paper, the factors associated with each form of sustainability of digital health systems are identified considering the case of the Indian digital health system, and a sustainability triangle framework for digital health systems is proposed. A blended financing model and frugal innovation strategy are proposed to enhance the economic sustainability of digital health systems. Fostering digital and health literacy and providing human assistance (e.g., through community health workers/Accredited Social Health Activists) for the vulnerable or aged population are recommended for social sustainability. Cleaner production of the ICT infrastructure, its scientific disposal, reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy, and fostering sustainable consumption to avoid rebound effects are identified as feasible strategies for environmental sustainability.