Abstract
Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) population decline is a global problem experienced by various ocean basins worldwide, including Indramayu waters. As the regency known by its fishery barn that supplies 65% of captured fisheries in West Java, Indonesia, illegal fishing practices towards this protected species is inevitable. In 2017, 2869 tons of sharks were landed in Indramayu with the production value of IDR 44.01 billion, which hammerhead shark catch reaches 268 tons. This research aimed to observe the sustainability of hammerhead shark in Indramayu waters using a bio-economic model of Gordon Schaefer (GS) and Gompertz. The results showed the overfishing of hammerhead shark in Indramayu waters on actual conditions in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, both in the GS and Gompertz models. The abundant number of hammerhead sharks started to deplete from 2015 to 2018, and the highest depletion was found in 2017, with a depletion value of 16 tons and depreciation value of IDR 164 million. The depletion rate suffered the most significant decline in 2011 to 2012 for all types of sharks, including hammerhead. The prohibition of consistent fishing and more pronounced law enforcement for hammered shark fishing are needed to maintain the sustainability of this resource.
Highlights
Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) belongs to the Sphyrnidae family and is a common caught species in Indonesian waters for its fins as export commodity [1,2,3]
According to secondary data from Karangsong fish barn and interviews with local fishermen, shark fishing activities in Indramayu water are carried out by fishermen using gillnets and mini purse seine, with the size of the floating gill fleet and the fishing gear is 0–5 GT. 0–5 GT is a ship made from wood with a machine size of 25 HP or outboard engines that serve as a ship drive engine and 8 Hp as a ship moving engine
The fishermen did not return the caught sharks because the net had been soaked overnight during the hauling process, and the hammerhead sharks had died, so they said that it will be useless to return them into the waters
Summary
Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) belongs to the Sphyrnidae family and is a common caught species in Indonesian waters for its fins as export commodity [1,2,3]. The hammerhead shark was originally a by-catch in fisheries but became catch target in some areas, including Indramayu waters, West Java [1,4,5]. Having the highest production of catch fishery every year resulted in a high number of by-catch (or supposedly, catch target) of protected, endangered fish, such as Hammerhead Shark. Shark is one of the fishery commodities that are economically important, yet the capture of this endangered species caused a problem for the sustainability of the species itself [6]. In 2017, shark production in Indramayu waters reaches 2869 tons with the production value of Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 44.01 billion. The sharks are sold for their fins, skin, meat, and fish bones
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