Sustainability of the Al-Abila Dam in the Western Desert of Iraq

Ammar Adham,Rasha Abed,Karrar Mahdi,Shwan Seeyan,Coen Ritsema,Michel Riksen

doi:10.3390/w14040586

Ammar Adham, Rasha Abed + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040586

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Abstract

Water scarcity is a major problem in the arid climate of Iraq’s Western Desert and people struggle to manage the precarious water supply. Harvesting rainwater is one sustainable method that can be used to increase the supply of water. Rainwater harvesting systems (RWH) are considered to be sustainable “if they can continue collecting, utilising, and consuming natural water resources for maximum livelihood development”. This study assessed the sustainably of the Al- Abila dam in Iraq’s Western Desert by determining its level of functionality in harvesting water and using it effectively. The reliability of the water supply and its potential productivity and water use efficiency were investigated as well. The balancing storage at the end of each runoff shows that dam storage of this magnitude is insufficient to fulfil the water demand. This research highlighted constraints that have affected system functioning or sustainability and provided suggestions and recommendations for risk-managed rainwater harvesting system installation methods and designs. The water conveyance factor and adequacy of the system were low, with 60% conveyance losses. This research helps policymakers to conduct large-scale, high-level assessments and answer basic problems about small earth dam development and management in Anbar’s Western Desert.

Highlights

After examining the design structure maps and conducting field observations, we discovered that there is no bottom outlet utilized to operate the dam in order to deliver water for irrigation
Rainwater harvesting techniques used in the watershed would help smallholders improve their livelihoods
The balancing storage at the end of each runoff shows that dam storage of this magnitude is insufficient to fulfil the water demand

Summary

Introduction

Until the 1970s, Iraq was considered to have rich water resources due to the proximity of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Dam construction on the tributaries of the rivers in Turkey and Syria has resulted in water scarcity in Iraq [1]. Iraq’s Western Desert is the area most affected by water scarcity. This arid area has had major challenges in providing and managing water. Iraq’s desert accounts for around 55% of Iraq’s total land area, most of it uninhabitable because of the lack of water. Many larger valleys, such as the Wadi Horan, Wadi

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