Abstract
The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which, Assam is the major producer of arecanut. An attempt was made to study the impact of arecanut based multiple cropping system with proper utilization of recyclable resources on the long-term sustainability of acid soil at Kahikuchi. A long term arecanut based High-Density Multispecies Cropping System garden comprised of two models viz., Model-1 (M1): arecanut (Areca catechu), black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), citrus (Citrus limon) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Model-2 (M2): arecanut, black pepper, banana, citrus and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as component crops was used. Both the models were sub-divided into three treatments viz., Full dose of recommended fertiliser (T1), 2/3rd of the recommended dose (T2) and 1/3rd of the recommended dose (T3) combined with treatment-wise recycling available biomass in the form of vermicompost and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results indicated that the quantity of recyclable biomass generated ranged between 8.27 to 12.23 t ha-1 year-1 and 8.11 to 12.38 t ha-1 year-1 in model-1 and model-2, respectively and revealed that the T2 treatment in both models improved the soil properties with respect to soil pH, organic carbon, available N, P and K status. Economics of the cropping system revealed that the maximum return was obtained from both Models under T2. The average benefit:cost ratio of T1, T2 & T3 was 3.38, 4.42 & 3.47 under model-1 and 3.34, 4.08 and 3.40 under model-2, respectively. Sustenance of soil pH above 5.0 over the years in the arecanut rhizosphere in both the models were found under T2, but T1 and T3 treatments showed a slow declining of pH towards increasing soil acidity.
Highlights
Arecanut (Areca catechu Linn.) is one of the important plantation crops, and about 90 per cent of total arecanut production in India is mainly contributed by Karnataka, Kerala and Assam
The integrated cropping system approach is the needs of the day to improve the utilisation of natural resources such as soil, water and solar radiation, which is especially true for widely spaced crops like arecanut and coconut etc
As high as 80 per cent recovery of vermicompost was found by using the earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) from the biomass of areca leaves, bunch waste, arecanut husk, cocoa prunings and leaf fall, banana suckers, leaves and the plants and the weed biomass (Bhat and Sujatha, 2004)
Summary
Arecanut (Areca catechu Linn.) is one of the important plantation crops, and about 90 per cent of total arecanut production in India is mainly contributed by Karnataka, Kerala and Assam. The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which Assam is the major producer of arecanut. In India, arecanut is grown in an area of 518.71 thousand hectares producing 901.78 thousand metric ton of arecanut (chali-dried arecanut kernel), and Assam ranks third in production. Adoption of more profitable and improved technologies by the small/marginal farmers to obtain increased yields is a pre-requisite for long-term sustainability on cropping system of acid soils of North-Eastern region of India. As agriculture remains a soil-based industry, there is no way to sustain yield without ensuring the good plant and soil interactions. The integrated cropping system approach is the needs of the day to improve the utilisation of natural resources such as soil, water and solar radiation, which is especially true for widely spaced crops like arecanut and coconut etc
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