Abstract
Increasing demand on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and their importance, as the respiratory system of buildings, in developing and spreading various microbial contaminations and diseases with their huge global energy consumption share have forced researchers, industries, and policymakers to focus on improving the sustainability of HVAC systems. Understanding and considering various parameters related to the sustainability of new and existing HVAC systems as the respiratory system of buildings are vital to providing healthy, energy-efficient, and economical options for various building types. However, the greatest opportunities for improving the sustainability of HVAC systems exist at the design stage of new facilities and the retrofitting of existing equipment. Considering the high available percentage of existing HVAC systems globally reveals the importance of their retrofitting. The attempt has been made to gather all important parameters that affect decision-making to select the optimum HVAC system development considerations among the various opportunities that are available for sustainability improvement.
Highlights
Population growth, modern technologies, and lifestyles are among the reasons for the necessity of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in various types of buildings
Despite the availability of various methods that can be used in building design and retrofitting to improve the HVAC system performance [5,6], this paper only studies the parameters that directly deal with HVAC sustainability improvement
Recent pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, SARS, H7N9, and MERS, and the fact that people spend more than 80% of their time inside buildings show the importance of designing sustainable HVAC systems
Summary
Population growth, modern technologies, and lifestyles are among the reasons for the necessity of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in various types of buildings. HVAC systems have an important role in the comfort and safety of indoor air quality (IAQ) These systems account for 40–60% of energy usage in buildings [1] or 15% of the world’s total energy consumption (Rafique 2018). Despite the availability of various methods that can be used in building design and retrofitting to improve the HVAC system performance [5,6], this paper only studies the parameters that directly deal with HVAC sustainability improvement. Many of these parameters, such as energy, environment, and water recovery, overlap with one another
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