Abstract
AbstractThe transport sector contributes to almost 25% of global CO2 emissions (Hannah Ritchie, October 06, 2020.Our World in data.). In general, transport activities mainly rely on fossil fuels, which results in global warming. The objective is to design a framework based on circular economy to assess the economic and environmental viability of the proposed second-generation (2G) biofuel supply chain system with respect to transport sector as biofuel is a clean and renewable form of energy. To represent economic sustainability, the total revenue generated, the net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) followed by a sensitivity analysis are considered and for the environmental indicator, total CO2 emission is considered as the parameter. The assessment is performed by particle swarm optimization technique. In the future, the proposed work can show a pathway to the industries and government organizations in building 2G ethanol plants.KeywordsParticle swarm optimizationCircular economySecond-generationBiofuel supply chain system
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