Suspended solids and bacteria removal mechanisms in ceramic filter and pervious concrete filter: a review

Ekha Yogafanny Boulven,Fatchan Nurrochmad,Radianta Triatmadja,Intan Supraba,Budi Kamulyan,R Che Omar,B White,D.R Hizbaron,A Cardenas Tristan,J.T Sri Sumantyo,E Haryono,R.F Putri

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202132504006

Abstract

The need for drinking water with affordable access is increasing nowadays. The poor water quality problems can be solved by several water treatment methods, i.e. ceramic filter (CF) and pervious concrete filter (PCF). Those two mentioned technologies work based on the pores that exist within the filter. This study aimed to review (1) the influence of the material composition of the CF and PCF on hydraulic characteristics (porosity, permeability, pore size, pore structure, pore connectivity/ distribution) and its removal effectiveness, and (2) the removal mechanisms of suspended solids and bacteria based on its hydraulic characteristics. The study reviewed 45 literature, including books, reports, and published articles. The type, mineral, and sources of clay and the type, shape, proportion, and size of combustible materials on CF will affect its hydraulic characteristic. The shape, size, and type of aggregate, the ratio of water to cement, and the ratio of aggregate to cement on PCF will affect its hydraulic characteristics. The removal mechanisms of suspended solids are straining on the surface and trapping on the deadlocked pores. On the other hand, the bacteria removal mechanisms strain the bacteria in the dirt layer and trap the bacteria in the pores.

Highlights

The need for drinking water with affordable access is increasing nowadays, especially in developing countries and rural-remote areas where piped drinking water is not accessible
This paper reviews (1) the influence of material composed of the ceramic filter (CF) and pervious concrete filter (PCF) on hydraulic characteristics and its removal effectiveness, and (2) the removal mechanisms of suspended solids and bacteria based on its hydraulic characteristics
The results showed that the CF with 50% of sawdust produced a higher porosity reaching 46%, and achieved 99.99% of E.Coli bacteria removal or 3.16 – 8.17 of log removal value (LRV)

Summary

Introduction

The need for drinking water with affordable access is increasing nowadays, especially in developing countries and rural-remote areas where piped drinking water is not accessible. A decentralized water treatment system is a water treatment that does not require a piping network so that it is considered to be able to overcome the problems of topographic and remote area barriers in the supply of clean water in developing countries [2,3]. This system consists of point-of-use and point-of-entry. Some of the technologies used in point-of-use systems are chlorination, coagulation, solar disinfection, ceramic water filter, bio-sand filter [7], membrane filtration, fibre/fabrics filter [3,8,9], and intermittent slow sand

Objectives

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion