Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution in Rural-Industrial Satna and in Urban-Industrial South Delhi

Abstract

An air quality sampling program was designed and implemented to collect the baseline concentrations of respirable suspended particulates (RSP = PM10), non-respirable suspended particulates (NRSP) and fine suspended particulates (FSP = PM2.5). Over a three-week period, a 24-h average concentrations were calculated from the samples collected at an industrial site in Southern Delhi and compared to datasets collected in Satna by Envirotech Limited, Okhla, Delhi in order to establish the characteristic difference in emission patterns. PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulates (TSP) concentrations at Satna were 20.5 +/- 6.0, 102.1 +/- 41.1, and 387.6 +/- 222.4 microg m(-3) and at Delhi were 126.7 +/- 28.6, 268.6 +/- 39.1, and 687.7 +/- 117.4 microg m(-3). Values at Delhi were well above the standard limit for 24-h PM2.5 United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USNAAQS; 65 microg m(-3)), while values at Satna were under the standard limit. Results were compared with various worldwide studies. These comparisons suggest an immediate need for the promulgation of new PM2.5 standards. The position of PM10 in Delhi is drastic and needs an immediate attention. PM10 levels at Delhi were also well above the standard limit for 24-h PM10 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS; 150 microg m(-3)), while levels at Satna remained under the standard limit. PM2.5/PM10 values were also calculated to determine PM2.5 contribution. At Satna, PM2.5 contribution to PM10 was only 20% compared to 47% in Delhi. TSP values at Delhi were well above, while TSP values at Satna were under, the standard limit for 24-h TSP NAAQS (500 microg m(-3)). At Satna, the PM10 contribution to TSP was only 26% compared to 39% in Delhi. The correlation between PM10, PM2.5, and TSP were also calculated in order to gain an insight to their sources. Both in Satna and in Delhi, none of the sources was dominant a varied pattern of emissions was obtained, showing the presence of heterogeneous emission density and that nonrespirable suspended particulate (NRSP) formed the greatest part of the particulate load.