Susceptibility weighted imaging detects prominent veins that precede or coincide with maximal motor disability in a model of multiple sclerosis: A pilot study

Abstract

BackgroundSusceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has detected veins in the center of white matter lesions and alterations in veins themselves in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the relationship between SWI-detected venous alterations and disease progression is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess alterations in the lumbar spinal cord veins in EAE mice over the disease course using serial SWI. MethodsEAE mice (n = 8) underwent imaging for SWI using a 9.4T Bruker Avance console at baseline, 7 days (pre-motor dysfunction), 12 days (typical motor dysfunction onset), and 16–18 days (typical peak disease) post-immunization. Naïve controls were imaged alongside EAE mice (n = 3). SWI hypointensities were counted by two subjects and compared between time points. ResultsSWI hypointensities appeared before motor dysfunction onset in most EAE mice. The ratio of SWI hypointensities to baseline was highly variable for EAE mice (0.45–6.75) while less so for controls (0.80–1.31). The time point for the maximum number of SWI hypointensities always preceded or coincided with maximum motor disability. ConclusionVenous alterations are detected before the onset of motor disability in some EAE mice using SWI which may relate to inflammation and/or tissue hypoxia.