Abstract
The present study evaluated the susceptibility of three different batches of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from Mexico to an inoculum of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Each of the three shrimp batches came from a different hatchery. Because of their origin, it was possible that the genetic makeup of these batches was different among each other. The three batches tested showed differences in IHHNV susceptibility. Here, susceptibility is defined as the capacity of the host to become infected, and it can be measured by the infectivity titer. Susceptibility to IHHNV was observed in decreasing order in shrimp from batch 1 (hatchery from El Rosario, Sinaloa), batch 3 (hatchery from Nayarit) and batch 2 (hatchery from El Walamo, Sinaloa), respectively. The largest susceptibility difference between batches was 5012 times, and that between early and late juveniles from the same batch was 25 times. These results indicate that within a species, susceptibility to a pathogen such as IHHNV can have large differences. Susceptibility to pathogens is an important trait to consider before performing studies on pathogenesis. It may influence virological parameters such as speed of replication, pathogenicity and virus titer. In order to evaluate the potential use of IHHNV as a natural control agent against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), it is necessary to know host susceptibility and the kinetics of IHHNV infection. These features can help to determine the conditions in which IHHNV could be used as antagonist in a WSSV infection.
Highlights
Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was first detected in stocks of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in Hawaii in 1980, where it caused high mortalities (Lightner et al 1983)
It was observed that IHHNV induced runt deformity syndrome (RDS) in infected whiteleg shrimp L. vannamei
The same year, IHHNV prevalence in wild populations of L. vannamei, L. stylirostris and Farfantepenaeus californiensis from the Gulf of California varied from 46% to 26% (Pantoja et al 1999)
Summary
Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was first detected in stocks of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in Hawaii in 1980, where it caused high mortalities (Lightner et al 1983). In Mexico, mortalities caused by IHHNV were so severe that farmers were forced to switch from the widely cultured blue shrimp to the less cultured whiteleg shrimp. The latter species soon became the main cultured species since the late 1980s (Lotz 1997). The same year, IHHNV prevalence in wild populations of L. vannamei, L. stylirostris and Farfantepenaeus californiensis from the Gulf of California varied from 46% to 26% (Pantoja et al 1999). Shrimp species reported to be affected by IHHNV are: farmed and wild specimens of L. vannamei, L. stylirostris, Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus, wild Artemesia longinaris, F. californiensis, and hybrid Penaeus monodon × P. esculentus (Escobedo-Bonilla 2013)
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