Abstract
Simple SummaryTetranychus urticae Koch is a difficult-to-control pest due to its short life cycle and rapid resistance development. Strains exhibiting resistance to etoxazole or pyridaben exposure have been identified over the past 16 years We collected 8 T. urticae field populations from Korea. The resistance ratios of the etoxazole- and pyridaben-resistant (ER and PR) strains were significantly higher than the susceptible strain. The ER and PR strains showed cross-resistance to several acaricides. In addition, the point mutations of the target site were detected in resistant populations.The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is a major agricultural pest worldwide and is known to rapidly develop resistance to pesticides. In the present study, we explored a field strain that was collected in 2000 and 2003 and has been exhibiting resistance to etoxazole and pyridaben over the last 16 years. The resistance ratios of the etoxazole- and pyridaben-resistant strains (ER and PR) to etoxazole or pyridaben were more than 5,000,000- and 4109.6-fold higher than that of the susceptible strain, respectively. All field-collected populations showed resistance to etoxazole and pyridaben. The ER and PR strains showed cross-resistance to several acaricides. Both I1017F and H92R point mutations were detected in 7 out of 8 field groups. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen resulted in more than 77.5% mortality in the 8 field groups. In addition, the genotype frequency of the I1017F point mutation was 100.0% in the ER strain, and that of the H92R point mutation was 97.0% in the PR strain. All of the field populations were found to have a high frequency of I1017F. These results suggest that the observation of resistance patterns will help in designing a sustainable IPM program for T. urticae.
Highlights
Tetranychids or spider mites belong to a family of phytophagous mites that cause severe economic effects on agriculture [1]
Resistance of T. urticae to various acaricides has become a problem in South America, North America, Asia, Austria, and Europe [7,8,9,10]
When the eggs were treated with etoxazole, the ER strain showed an Resistance Ratios (RRs) that was > 5,000,000-fold higher than that of the S strain (Table 3)
Summary
Tetranychids or spider mites belong to a family of phytophagous mites that cause severe economic effects on agriculture [1]. In Korea, Tetranychus urticae has been known as an important pest and has been causing economic damage since the 1950s [2]. Tetranychus urticae control is largely based on the use of acaricides in the field; it rapidly develops resistance due to its short life cycle and high reproductivity [3,4,5,6]. Resistance of T. urticae to various acaricides has become a problem in South America, North America, Asia, Austria, and Europe [7,8,9,10]. Among the acaricides to which this pest has developed resistance, etoxazole was developed in the 1980s by Yashima, a company. Among the acaric2idofe1s2 to which this pest has developed resistance, etoxazole was developed in the 1980s by Yashima, a company located in Japan, and was commercialized in 1998 [11,12]. Rmauplitdi-rmesoilsetcaunltapr odpiauglnatoisotnicsspforirmdaertielcytiindgensintigflye mreusitsattainotnasnidn mthuelTti.-ruerstiisctaaengtepnoepsualasstioocniastperdimwairthilyacidaerinctiidfye mreusitsattaionnces.in the T. urticae genes aTshsoecoiabtjeedctwiviethofactahriiscisdtuedryeswistaasntcoe.evaluate the susceptibility to acaricides in etoxazolTe-heanodbjpecytrivideaobfetnh-irsestiustdayntw(EasRtoanedvaPluRa)tsetrthaienssuasncedpitnibfiileitlyd-tcooallceacrtiecdidpesopinuelatotixoanzsoolef-T. anudrtpicyarei.dFaubretnh-erermsisotraen,tth(EeRfraenqduePnRc)iesstroafinths eanI1d0i1n7Ffiealndd-cHol9le2cRtepdopinotpmuluatiaotniosnosfwT.eurertiincavee.sFutritghaetremd otorei,dtehnetfirfyeqpuoetnecniteisalorfetshiestIa1n0c1e7FmaencdhaHn9is2mRsp. oint mutations were investigated to identify potential resistance mechanisms
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
