Abstract
Response of 19 wheat varieties cultivated in Hungary varied within large limits to soil borne Rhizoctonia infection. The most frequent symptom, usually leading to damping off was the root neck necrosis. Four significant factors influencing the susceptibility of wheat comprised 71% of total variation but none of them was dominant. The inhibition of development of survivors in Rhizoctonia infested soil correlated with overall susceptibility of variety concerned. The varieties Emese, Kikelet and Palotás are proved to be less susceptible, but none of the varieties could be certified as tolerant. No relationships were revealed between pathogenicity of 26 Rhizoctonia strains studied and their taxonomic position or origin. The anamorph strains of Athelia, Ceratobasidium, Ceratorhiza and Waitea similar to Thanatephorus anamorphs selectively infected the wheat varieties, but the syndromatic pictures were undistinguishable with unarmed eye. R. solani was proved to be more aggressive against germinating wheat than R. cerealis. Nine significant factors influencing the virulence of Rhizoctonia strains comprised 82% of total variation, and six of them influenced exclusively Thanatephorus anamorphs.
Highlights
In August 2002, brown patches were observed on turf grasses in parks at four locations in Budapest
In Europe and North America winter wheat suffered mainly of R. solani AG-8 strains [7] with the R. cerealis [6,7,8], while in Australia AG-1 and AG-8 and in Turkey five different anastomosis groups of R. solani [9,10] were revealed
In majority of cases first germlings emerged within 2 days after sowing in Rhizoctonia free soil, the process was finished rapidly
Summary
In August 2002, brown patches were observed on turf grasses in parks at four locations in Budapest. On potato dextrose agar fast growing, colourless colonies with small reddish/coloured scelrotia uprose of the first type. This fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia zeae Voorhees (teleomorph Waitea circinata Warcup and P.H.B. Talbot) [1]. The study of more than 150 plant species cultivated in Hungary [2] revealed that R. zeae attacked monocotyledonous species more aggressively than dicotyledonous ones, contrarily to R. solani. This latter species was formerly reported as pathogen of winter wheat [3] and oat [4] in Hungary. In South Eastern Hungary damage by the R. cerealis and R. solani has been observed in spring wheat [3]
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