Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the susceptibility of bacterial contaminants recovered from cosmetics to preservatives and antibiotics. Methods: Nine bacterial isolates recovered from various brands of commercially available cosmetics marketed in Jordan were tested for their susceptibility pattern against two paraben esters and two formaldehyde donors in addition to nine commonly used antibiotics. The biocidal effect for three preservatives was tested at 0.2 % concentration while the fourth was determined at a strength of 0.3 %. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using standard disc diffusion method. Results: Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited high resistance pattern to most of the tested preservatives and antibiotics; only one isolate was sensitive to imidazolidinyl urea while others were resistant to the 4 preservatives tested. Each of these isolates exhibited resistance to at least 5 antibiotics. Other organisms, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were resistant to the class of preservatives used in the various formulations from which they were recovered and demonstrated resistance to fewer antibiotics. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most sensitive to both categories of antimicrobials used. One isolate was sensitive to all preservatives whereas the same isolate was resistant to only co-trimoxazole. Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin demonstrated the highest in vitro antimicrobial effect against the contaminants investigated. Conclusion: The bacterial contaminants of cosmetics exhibited variable cross resistance between preservatives and antibiotics. This cross resistance was species- and even strain-specific.
Highlights
The microbial contamination of cosmetic products is of concern worldwide due to possible negative consequences on the health of users and on product integrity [1,2]
Osungunna et al [4] indicated that bacterial contaminants of cosmetics were resistant to many antibiotics, but again this resistance was not correlated to that of preservatives
It is probable that susceptibility pattern of cosmetic contaminants to various antimicrobials may differ due to the use of preservatives in small concentrations as compared to those used in other products
Summary
The microbial contamination of cosmetic products is of concern worldwide due to possible negative consequences on the health of users and on product integrity [1,2]. One aspect of cosmetics microbiology that has not been adequately addressed is the susceptibility of contaminants of cosmetic to preservatives and antibiotics. Flores et al [3] isolated several bacterial species from contaminated cosmetics and found that many of the isolates exhibited resistance to more than one preservative category; no correlation between preservatives and antibiotic resistance was made. Osungunna et al [4] indicated that bacterial contaminants of cosmetics were resistant to many antibiotics, but again this resistance was not correlated to that of preservatives. It is probable that susceptibility pattern of cosmetic contaminants to various antimicrobials may differ due to the use of preservatives in small concentrations as compared to those used in other products
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