Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Uropathogens to Mexican Oregano Essential Oil.

Karen Arely Zapién-Chavarría,Alejandro Plascencia-Terrazas,Blanca Estela Rivera-Chavira,Jaime Raúl Adame-Gallegos,María Olga González-Rangel,Guadalupe Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón,María Georgina Venegas-Ortega,Mauricio Varillas-Torres

doi:10.3390/antibiotics8040186

Karen Arely Zapién-Chavarría, Alejandro Plascencia-Terrazas + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040186

Copy DOI

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance along with biofilm formation increases the difficulty for antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infections. Bioactive molecules derived from plants, such as those present in essential oils, can be used to treat bacterial infections. Oregano is one of the spices to have antimicrobial activity. Therefore, three Mexican oregano essential oils (two Lippia berlandieri Schauer and one Poliomintha longiflora) were tested for antimicrobial capacity against multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming bacterial isolates. Clinical isolates from urinary tract infections were tested for antibiotic resistance. Multidrug-resistant isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation, and Mexican oregano antimicrobial effect was determined by the minimal inhibitory (CMI) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (CMB). The selected isolates were identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Sixty-one isolates were included in the study; twenty were characterized as multidrug-resistant and from those, six were strong biofilm formers. Three isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, two as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one as Enterococcus faecalis based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16 S rRNA gene sequences. The antimicrobial effect was bactericidal; E. faecalis was the most susceptible (<200 mg/L CMI/CMB), and P. aeruginosa was the most resistant (>2,000 mg/L CMI/CMB). There was a range of 500-1000 mg/L (CMI/CMB) for the E. coli isolates. Mexican oregano essential oils demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates.

Highlights

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most persistent clinical infections, in part because the location of the infectious site hampers the efficacy of antibiotics
Bacterial isolates were collected at the University Hospital from urine samples of UTI patients
Bacterial cultures were isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) that were submitted to the microbiology lab for analysis

Summary

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most persistent clinical infections, in part because the location of the infectious site hampers the efficacy of antibiotics. These types of infectious processes are more common in women because of their anatomic structures, and in many cases, are resistant to antibiotic therapy [1]. Biofilm formation in clinical infections have been reported in as much as 80% of cases, and 65% of hospitalized-related infections and UTI are commonly associated with biofilm-forming. Of cases, and 65% of hospitalized-related infections and UTI are commonly associated with biofilmAntibiotics 2019, 8, 186 forming pathogens [3].

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion