Abstract
Anthracnose fruit rot is the most devastating postharvest disease of mango fruits in Nigeria. This study, investigated the susceptibility of mango varieties commonly grown in South West Nigeria to fruit anthracnose. Four locations (Ayetoro, Ibadan, Ogbomosho and Agege) in South west Nigeria, which fall along mango production belt, were selected for this study. Physiologically matured mango fruits freshly harvested separately from Alphonso, Julie and Ogbomosho varieties were ripened at room temperature for 16 days under alternating 12 h light and dark periods to assess the incidence and severity of fruit anthracnose in each variety. In addition, freshly harvested healthy fruits were deliberately inoculated with spores of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to evaluate the degree of susceptibility of the tested varieties. Results showed that Ogbomosho variety had the lowest percentage of 66.7% disease incidence and 44% disease severity. Similarly, lesion diameter was highest in Alphonso variety (1.18 cm) with the least (0.91 cm) in Ogbomosho variety. The study found Ogbomosho variety less susceptible to anthracnose and consequently recommended it to farmers.
Highlights
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) a member of Anacardiaceae family, is among the important fruit crops grown throughout the humid region of Southern Nigeria
Its production and marketing especially export of fresh mango fruits from the country is limited by fruit anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. 1884, a member of Glomerellaceae family of fungi (Index Fungorum, 2015) The disease has become a menace to mango producers and home gardeners in Southwest Nigeria with over 34% fruit loss annually due to this disease (Onyeani et al, 2012)
Anthracnose lesion development on the different mango varieties increased with increasing days during the period of study (Fig. 1)
Summary
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) a member of Anacardiaceae family, is among the important fruit crops grown throughout the humid region of Southern Nigeria. Its production and marketing especially export of fresh mango fruits from the country is limited by fruit anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. 1884, a member of Glomerellaceae family of fungi (Index Fungorum, 2015) The disease has become a menace to mango producers and home gardeners in Southwest Nigeria with over 34% fruit loss annually due to this disease (Onyeani et al, 2012). There is no mango variety or cultivar that has been documented to be completely resistant to anthracnose (Tarnowski and Ploetz, 2008; Pandey et al, 2011), production rely heavily on the use of fungicide (Dodd et al, 1997; Ploetz, 1999). Differences in susceptibility among mango varieties have been reported from other parts of the world. Haggag (2010) reported maximum damage of Alphonso due to anthracnose whereas, Tommi and Fahr Kelen varieties were found to be resistant to the disease
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