Susceptibility of different cell lines to Avian and Swine Influenza viruses

Abstract

Influenza outbreaks are widespread in swine and avian populations. Disease control is jeopardized by the extreme antigenic variability of virus strains. Primary isolation of Influenza virus is performed using embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), but alternatives to ECE are badly needed. Although various cultured cells have been used for propagating Influenza A viruses, few types of cells can efficiently support virus replication. One of the most commonly cell lines used in order to isolate Influenza A virus, is represented by the Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line, but cells derived from primary swine organs (kidney, testicle, lung and trachea) can also be employed. The aim of this study was the evaluation of NSK, MDCK, UMNSAH/DF1 cell lines suitability, compared to ECE for isolation and propagation of Avian and Swine virus subtypes. The results indicated both NSK and MDCK could provide an appropriate substrate for cultivating either Avian (AIV) or Swine (SIV) Influenza virus strains, especially for high pathogenicity Avian Influenza ones. Furthermore, NSK appeared more susceptible than MDCK cells for primary isolation of AIV. In contrast, UMNSAH/DF1 cell line seemed to be less permissive to support Avian virus growth. Furthermore, no SIV replication was detected except for one subtype. Additionally, the results of this study indicated that not all virus strains seemed to adapt with the same efficiency to the different cell lines. On the contrary, chicken embryos were shown to be the most suitable biological system for AIV isolation.