Abstract
Human blood monocytes play a central role in dengue infections and form the majority of virus infected cells in the blood. Human blood monocytes are heterogeneous and divided into CD16− and CD16+ subsets. Monocyte subsets play distinct roles during disease, but it is not currently known if monocyte subsets differentially contribute to dengue protection and pathogenesis. Here, we compared the susceptibility and response of the human CD16− and CD16+ blood monocyte subsets to primary dengue virus in vitro. We found that both monocyte subsets were equally susceptible to dengue virus (DENV2 NGC), and capable of supporting the initial production of new infective virus particles. Both monocyte subsets produced anti-viral factors, including IFN-α, CXCL10 and TRAIL. However, CD16+ monocytes were the major producers of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to dengue virus, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, 3 and 4. The susceptibility of both monocyte subsets to infection was increased after IL-4 treatment, but this increase was more profound for the CD16+ monocyte subset, particularly at early time points after virus exposure. These findings reveal the differential role that monocyte subsets might play during dengue disease.
Highlights
The human peripheral blood monocyte population can be divided into two distinct subsets based on CD16 expression [1,2]
We first compared the susceptibility of CD162 and CD16+ monocyte subsets to dengue virus infection
These results show that both monocyte subsets were susceptible to dengue virus infection
Summary
The human peripheral blood monocyte population can be divided into two distinct subsets based on CD16 expression [1,2]. CD162 monocytes are predisposed to produce IL-10, while CD16+ monocytes produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines, for example TNF-a [3,4]. CD162 express CCR2 while CD16+ monocytes preferentially express CX3CR1 [5], and exhibit different movement and migratory behaviors [629]. Monocyte subsets are known to play different roles during disease conditions. CD16+ monocytes are elevated during several inflammatory and infectious conditions, and have been proposed to play pro-inflammatory roles during diseases [10]. The CD16+ monocyte subset has been shown to be more permissive to HIV infection [11]
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