Abstract
Livestock, although it has significant economic relevance, is the cause of several problems related to erosion. This fact becomes even more worrying in the context of a hydrographic basin. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the natural vulnerability to erosion in the pasture areas of the hydrographic sub-basin of the Santa Cruz stream (HBSCS), in order to support improvements related to soil conservation associated with local economic productivity. The procedures took place with the aid of the ArcGIS® geographic information system. The cartographic databases were the websites of GEOBASES, the National Water Agency and the Jones dos Santos Neves Institute. Initially, HBSCS was delimited to later acquire features (vector files) related to the location of pastures covered by HBSCS. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to estimate potential erosion. For this, the following data were obtained: erosivity, erodibility, ramp length and slope. Erosion was mapped, quantified and classified. The natural intensity of erosion ranges from 0 ton/ha.year to 6814 ton/ha.year, with an arithmetic mean of 569.740 ton/ha.year and standard deviation equal to 345.013 ton/ha.year. The class with the highest intensity is “moderate to strong”. However, when combined, the “moderate to strong” and “strong” classes comprise 65.666%. The lower intensity classes, “weak” and “moderate”, together, represent only 33.652%. The values can be attributed, mainly, to the ignorance on the part of the rural producers about the most favorable places for the installation of pastures. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to adopt measures favorable to soil conservation, such as the correct management of livestock, especially in areas with a greater erosive tendency. It is expected that studies with a similar theme will continue, considering, for example, the influence of management on HBSCS erosion.
Highlights
the cause of several problems related to erosion
the objective of this work was to assess the natural vulnerability to erosion in the pasture areas
in order to support improvements related to soil conservation associated with local economic productivity
Summary
O agronegócio possui papel relevante na economia brasileira. No entanto, seu desenvolvimento é acompanhado por crescentes preocupações com os impactos ambientais negativos provocados pela agricultura e pecuária nos recursos naturais, que podem repercutir na biodiversidade, na disponibilidade hídrica, na qualidade do ar e do solo e na saúde dos seres humanos (Gomes, 2019). A chamada Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS), criada por Wischmeier e Smith (1962), é um modelo que utiliza dados pluviométricos, tipos de solos, declividade do terreno e uso do solo para estimar a quantidade de solo perdida em uma determinada área (Moura et al, 2017). A capacidade da chuva de causar erosão em uma área sem proteção em uma dada localidade é expressa pelo fator numérico R (Wischmeier & Smith, 1962), que deve ser calculado a partir de índices mensais de erosão, obtidos pela equação (2), desenvolvida por Lombardi Neto e Moldenhauer (1992):. O fator K (erodibilidade do solo) foi determinado inicialmente, a partir da edição de feições (arquivos vetoriais) referentes aos tipos de solos da BHRSC mapeados no ano de 2016, a princípio, para o Estado do Espírito Santo. Ainda, dados estatísticos para os fatores L, S, LS (fator topográfico) e para a erosão potencial
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