Abstract
We investigate time evolution of S-wave charmonium populations under a time-dependent homogeneous magnetic field and evaluate survival probabilities of the low-lying charmonia to the goal of estimating the magnetic field strength at heavy-ion collisions. Our approach implements mixing between different spin eigenstates and transitions to radially excited states. We show that the survival probabilities can change even by an extremely short magnetic field. Furthermore, we find that the survival probabilities depend on the initial spin states. We propose the sum of the survival probabilities over spin partners as an observable insensitive to the initial states. We also find that the sum can be approximately given as a function of σB02 with a duration time σ and the maximum strength of the magnetic field B0.
Highlights
Heavy-ion collision experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have been operated extensively to uncover the hidden properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
We investigate time evolution of S-wave charmonium populations under a time-dependent homogeneous magnetic field and evaluate survival probabilities of the low-lying charmonia to the goal of estimating the magnetic field strength at heavy-ion collisions
We propose the sum of the survival probabilities over spin partners as an observable insensitive to the initial states
Summary
Heavy-ion collision experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have been operated extensively to uncover the hidden properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The source of the strong magnetic fields is regarded due to the Lienard-Wiechert potential from moving charged nuclei This simple mechanism would generate the strongest magnetic fields in the current universe, whose amplitude is estimated as |eB| ∼ 50m2π ∼ 1 GeV2 ∼ 1019 Gauss [1–14]. We investigate the time-evolutions of the low-lying charmonia states in a rapidly varying magnetic field. Suppression of yields of lower states by radial excitation—Another important effect is a radial excitation from lower states to higher states (e.g., from ηc(1S) to ηc(2S)) which is induced by the quark Landau levels This effect leads to yield suppression of final states, which will be useful for observing the effects of magnetic fields in experiments.
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