Abstract
Many plant species can be cryopreserved by treating shoot tips with complex cryoprotectant solutions before rapidly cooling them to liquid nitrogen temperatures. Plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2), a commonly selected cryoprotectant, can be lethal with extended exposure times. To determine potentially toxic combinations, we have exposed mint shoot tips to one-, two-, three-, and four-component solutions of PVS2 chemicals (30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.4 M sucrose) at 0 and 22 °C. Overall, solution exposures at 22 °C were more damaging than exposures at 0 °C. Solutions with glycerol, particularly in combination with ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide, were also damaging. Cryoprotectant solutions PGluD (10% PEG8000, 10% glucose, and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide) and PVS3 (50% glycerol, 50% sucrose) were less damaging than PVS2 at 22 °C. When plant cryoprotectants are characterized on a toxicological and biophysical basis, less damaging cryoprotectant solutions could be developed.
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