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Abstract
A microcosm has been designed for application in risk assessment. It was used to investigate the vertical distribution and survival of bacteria in a soil column. Plasmid transfer was studied in sterile and non-sterile soil, using the microcosm. The results show that bacteria can be isolated from deeper soil layers a few days after their introduction. Of the bacteria containing plasmid RP4, 14% lost their replicon within 13 days. A survival analysis of representative soil bacteria demonstrated a good survival of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens under the given conditions. The number of Escherichia coli decreased over 7 days. The conjugative plasmid RP4 was transferred between Gram-negative bacteria in sterile soil. Neither conjugation nor mobilization were observed in non-sterile soil.
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