Survival asymptotics for branching random walks in IID environments

Abstract

We first study a model, introduced recently in [4], of a critical branching random walk in an IID random environment on the $d$-dimensional integer lattice. The walker performs critical (0-2) branching at a lattice point if and only if there is no ‘obstacle’ placed there. The obstacles appear at each site with probability $p\in [0,1)$ independently of each other. We also consider a similar model, where the offspring distribution is subcritical. Let $S_n$ be the event of survival up to time $n$. We show that on a set of full $\mathbb P_p$-measure, as $n\to \infty $, $P^{\omega }(S_n)\sim 2/(qn)$ in the critical case, while this probability is asymptotically stretched exponential in the subcritical case. Hence, the model exhibits ‘self-averaging’ in the critical case but not in the subcritical one. I.e., in the first case, the asymptotic tail behavior is the same as in a ‘toy model’ where space is removed, while in the second, the spatial survival probability is larger than in the corresponding toy model, suggesting spatial strategies. A spine decomposition of the branching process along with known results on random walks are utilized.