Abstract
Table grape act as a popular and mouthwatering fruit supplement over the world. Unhygienic handling of these fruits can possess a diverse threat to public health safety. Moreover, the fruit juice can serve as a nutrient for bacterial growth as well if kept in an unsanitary condition. For this purpose, five imported grape samples (Red Globe, Perlette, Calmeria, Princess and Summer Royal) were tested to assess the presence of pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistant pattern of the isolates. The total bacterial count (TBC) and total fungal count (TFC) showed the presence large amount of bacterial (ranged from 4.4 x 104 to 8.1 x 107) and fungal population on the grapes samples, especially on the skin part of the fruits. Several pathogenic isolates, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from tested grape samples. However, the presence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp. and Klebsiella spp. were not found from any of the samples. The concerning part of the present study was drug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from supplied Fresh Summer Royal Grape. The most of the isolated bacterial spp. were resistant to all most all of the commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (10 µg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (25 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), azithromycin (15 µg), novobiocin (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), penicillin G (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), neomycin (30 µg), levofloxacin (5 µg), kanamycin (30 µg) and cefiximycin (5 µg). No grape samples showed any kind of antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. The survival pattern of inoculated bacterial samples in the grape sample showed a slight decrease in growth in the course of time.
Highlights
Grape, Vitis vinifera, are the most common fruits all over the world since centuries ago
Phytochemicals like gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin are originated from skin and seeds of grape and these phytochemicals have been reported as the raw substrates to produce antioxidative dietary supplements (Yilmaz & Toledo et al, 2004; Mukesh Y. et al, 2009)
The present experiment is to demonstrate consistent results since a vast amount of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been isolated from the tested grape samples (Table 1)
Summary
Vitis vinifera, are the most common fruits all over the world since centuries ago. The fruits like grapes belong to the berry family; constitute a cluster or bunch of grapes It has many nutritional, healthy and medicinal properties and broadly accepted as one of the most eatable foods to the trenchermen. It’s a good source of potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus It contains the significant amount of all those elements; 0.1–0.2%; 0.001–0.0015%; 0.01–0.02%; 0.01–0.02% and 0.08–0.01% respectively (Mukesh Y. et al, 2009). One of the major nutritional value including 78 calories of energy, protein (0.3 gm), carbohydrate (19 gm), 3% calories from fat (0.23 g of fat), sodium (0.18 mg), potassium (155 mg), fibre (0.4 gm), calcium (20 ng), phosphorus (30 ng) and vitamin C (1 gm) have been yielded from per halves of grape. Many researchers proved that Concord grape juice plenty amount of flavonoids, which has the significant antioxidant potency with a-tocopherol
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