Survival and prognostic factors for patients with melanoma brain metastases in the era of modern systemic therapy

Abstract

Historically, the prognosis of patients with melanoma brain metastases is poor, with median overall survival (OS) of 4-6months. Little is known of OS in the era of modern systemic therapies and local therapy with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgery. Patients diagnosed with melanoma brain metastases at Melanoma Institute Australia from January 2011 to December 2014 were included. OS and prognostic factors were analysed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.355 patients were included. The median OS was 7.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0-8.1). Median OS differed by treatment modality: systemic therapy and SRS and/or surgery 14.9months (95% CI 10.7-19.0), SRS and/or surgery with or without whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) 6.4months (95% CI 5.4-7.5), systemic therapy 5.4months (95% CI 3.1-7.7), systemic therapy and WBRT 5.2months (95% CI 4.1-6.4), WBRT 4.4months (95% CI 2.4-6.3), and best supportive care 1.8months (95% CI 1.2-2.3). OS for patients with melanoma brain metastases appears improved in the modern era, particularly for patients who are candidates for systemic therapy with SRS and/or surgery.