Abstract

Publisher Summary Although tumors could be transmitted with tissues subjected to freezing, it was not until 1938 that the storage of tumors in the frozen state was proposed as a feasible method of preservation. Even now, the low-temperature preservation of experimental tumors is employed in relatively few laboratories as an alternative to maintenance by serial transplantation. The terms “rapid” and “slow” have been used in a relative sense, and the fastest rates of freezing employed are insufficient to prevent the crystallization of water and produce the intracellular vitreous state that is essential to cell survival. According to the vitrification hypothesis, it is essential to cool and thaw the cell or organism rapidly so that amorphous solidification can occur before ice crystals can be formed. Fast freezing is necessary to protect normal and neoplastic cells from the injurious effects of ice-crystal formation.

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