Abstract
Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is an endemic pest in Tunisia and is among the most destructive biotic stresses of commercial cereals. Genes in wheat that confer resistance to this insect provide the most efficient and economical means of crop protection. Yet, attempts to breed for resistant cereal genotypes are hampered by the periodic emergence of virulent pest biotypes that are unaffected by the plant's resistance factors in use. Therefore, it is crucial to undertake permanent surveys in order to establish baseline information on the status of germplasm resources. A survey of infestation was conducted during the growing season 2011/2012, over the four most important cereal-growing provinces of Tunisia (Beja, Jendouba, Kef and Siliana), which highlighted variation in the incidence and severity of attacks between regions and periods of the year. We recorded two intense outbreaks occurring in early March and late April, suggesting that eradication should be applied in the month of February to hin...
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