Abstract
Based on videos of traffic flow at several urban freeway sections of some typical cities in China, a large database which contains 210920 “vehicle speed-headway distance” data pairs measured from the real traffic flow is obtained. The measured data show consistent with the fundamental nature of traffic flow since their average speeds increase as the headway distances increase. The average speed usually decreases from ultra-lane to exchange-lane, but there exist “density inversion” cases when the road sections are nearly exits. It is found from the flow-density fundamental diagrams drawn by the measured data that there is a type of basic graph in which nonlinear characteristics show in almost the whole density area. Over 7% high speed car-following vehicles are found in the small headway areas.
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