Survey on the presence of antibiotic residues in raw milk samples from six sites of the dairy pool of Niamey, Niger.

Marichatou Hamani,Georges Daube,Amadou Morou Madougou,Véronique Delcenserie,Nassim Moula,Caroline Douny,Nicolas Korsak,Marie-Louise Scippo

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2019.1970-1974

Marichatou Hamani, Georges Daube + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1970-1974

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Journal: Veterinary world	Publication Date: Dec 1, 2019
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Abdou Moumouni University, University of Liège

Abstract

Background and Aim:Antibiotics are widely used in animal production for treating the diseases and for preventing or increasing animal growth. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the use of antibiotic residues in raw milk from the dairy pool of Niamey in three farms (Toukounous, Kirkissoye, and Niamey) and three collection centers (Hamdallaye, Kollo, and Say).Materials and Methods:A direct interview (questionnaire) was used to collect data regarding the mode of use of antibiotics, the level of knowledge of farmers according to the withdrawal period, and a cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 samples of raw milk. The Delvotest® T was used to monitor antibiotic residues in milk. The data were analyzed using SAS and R software.Results:The most commonly used antibiotics were those from the family of tetracycline (86.7%) and from the family of beta-lactams (13.3%). Regarding the statements of farmers, the reasons why the farmers use antibiotics were the following: About 47% in case of prevention and treatment, 29% for treatment, 12% for prevention, and 12% for increase dairy production. Moreover, the farmers lacked the necessary information about withdrawal period. Screening of antibiotic residues was performed using a standardized biological test kit, the Delvotest®. In total, from 192 samples of raw milk, 19 (9.9%) were positive including ten from collection centers and nine from farms. This could lead to a risk of exposure when a consumer drinks locally produced raw milk.Conclusion:Raw milk supplied from the area of the study has a level of antibiotic residues, and the breeders have a low level of knowledge about the withdrawal period.

Highlights

Milk occupies an increasingly important place in the daily diet of people in the world in general and sub-Sahara Africa in particular
Raw milk supplied from the area of the study has a level of antibiotic residues, and the breeders have a low level of knowledge about the withdrawal period
The obtained results of the number of positive milk samples in our study are lower than those observed in Côte d’Ivoire with 24.7% positive samples [8], in Ghana with 35.5% of positive sample [14], in Mali with 16% of positive samples [17], and Benin with 83% positive samples [7] but practically similar to those observed in Mauritania with 11% positive samples [18] using the Delvotest® T. These results showed that milk contains residues of antibiotics in Niger as well as everywhere in West Africa

Summary

Introduction

Milk occupies an increasingly important place in the daily diet of people in the world in general and sub-Sahara Africa in particular. Raw milk is an essential material of many dairy products (yogurt and Degué). The production results essentially from traditional breeding cows belonging to breeds such as Azawak, Goudali, Bororo, Djelli, and Kouri. In these farms, health treatment is performed empirically, involving indiscriminate use and uncontrolled veterinary medicines including antibiotics [2]. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the use of antibiotic residues in raw milk from the dairy pool of Niamey in three farms (Toukounous, Kirkissoye, and Niamey) and three collection centers (Hamdallaye, Kollo, and Say)

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