Survey on microgrids frequency regulation: Modeling and control systems

Abstract

• A comprehensive review of load frequency control in microgrids. • Classification of various microgrid components, models, and benchmarks. • Survey on the merits and drawbacks of model-based and model-free control strategies. • Highlight of future trends for frequency deviation in the presence of renewable energy resources. The traditional power system structure is constantly changing due to the application of renewable energy sources (RESs) and microgrids (MGs) into the power system network. Due to the variations in demand and renewable generation profiles, load frequency control (LFC) is one of the most important issues in MGs. As a consequence of the relatively low inertia of these systems, LFC is more challenging compared to absence of DERs and MGs. A comprehensive review of the LFC problem in MGs is the primary objective of this paper. The review process for this paper is undertaken from two perspectives. As a first step, different models for MG components and benchmarks for LFC studies have been described, which can ease the researchers' task of finding suitable models. The second step of this review is a discussion of various control strategies, considering the merits and limitations of each. It is helpful to researchers that this comprehensive literature review gives them an overview of previous well-researched papers in this respect and enables them to connect the dots between recent developments, challenges, and future trends in load frequency strategies for MGs.