Survey of Techniques Utilized to Access Ventricular Shunts and Reservoirs

Abstract

Aims: This study assessed variations in pediatric neurosurgical technique when accessing shunts and ventricular access devices (VADs). Methods: A 12-question survey was developed and sent to members of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) whose self-identified subspecialty was pediatric neurosurgery. Results: Four hundred and twenty surveys were sent out, and 149 responses were received (35.5% response rate); 95.3% of respondents always use sterile gloves, 55.0% never use a sterile gown, and 69.8% always have a member of the neurosurgery team perform the procedure. The majority of respondents answered “sometimes” for use of a facemask (38.3%), sterile drapes (39.6%), site shaving (45.6%), having an attending present (68.5%), and having an assistant hold the patient's head (78.5%). The majority reported using a 23- or 25-gauge butterfly needle for site entry (96.6%), and betadine or ChloraPrep™ as the preferred antiseptic solution (64.4%). The frequency in which CSF is sent for analysis is not standardized in 31.5% of respondents, and wait time for the antiseptic solution to dry is not standardized in 62.4%. Conclusions: There is great variation in the technique for accessing shunts and VADs. Future studies are needed to assess whether these discrepancies affect infection rates.