Abstract

As 5G communication technology develops, vehicular communications that require high reliability, low latency, and massive connectivity are drawing increasing interest from those in academia and industry. Due to these developing technologies, vehicular communication is not limited to vehicle components in the forms of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) networks, but has also been extended to connect with others, such as pedestrians and cellular users. Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) is the conventional vehicular communication standard for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). More recently, the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project introduced Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), a competitor to DSRC. Meanwhile, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to consider deploying Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) devices in the ITS band with two interference mitigation approaches: Detect-and-Vacate (DAV) and Re-channelization (Re-CH). With multiple standard options and interference mitigation approaches, numerous regulatory taxonomies can be identified and notification of relevant technical challenges issued. However, these challenges are much broader than the current and future regulatory taxonomies pursued by the different countries involved. Because their plans differ, the technical and regulatory challenges vary. This article presents a literature survey about the technical challenges, the current and future ITS band usage plans, and the major research testbeds for the U.S., Europe, China, Korea, and Japan. This survey shows that the most likely deployment taxonomies are (1) DSRC, C-V2X, and Wi-Fi with Re-CH; (2) DSRC and C-V2X with interoperation, and (3) C-V2X only. The most difficult technical challenge is the interoperability between the Wi-Fi-like DSRC and 4G LTE-like C-V2X.

Highlights

  • Vehicular communications technology is getting attention as the dominant technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the form of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)

  • The results show that the QR algorithm can provide performance gains for dual interface vehicles that can communicate with C-V2X and Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)

  • With the development of 5G technologies, vehicular communications are no longer limited to the vehicle environment only, but rather could connect everything

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Vehicular communications technology is getting attention as the dominant technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the form of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). The Cisco proposal favors DSRC while the Qualcomm proposal favors Wi-Fi. An analysis of the impact of Wi-Fi on DSRC when both need to coexist in the same spectrum and using the Real-time Channelization Algorithm (RCA) to increase the Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) throughput performance are presented in [42]. Adjacent channel interference: Evaluation of the adjacent interference effects between Wi-Fi and DSRC and Wi-Fi and C-V2X to determine how close Wi-Fi can be placed to DSRC or C-V2X channels, how to revise the current Wi-Fi and DSRC or C-V2X spectral masks, and how to mitigate the in-band interference between Wi-Fi and DSRC or C-V2X to achieve the desired performance of all three systems

CURRENT SPECTRUM REGULATION
FUTURE REGULATORY PLANS
Findings
CONCLUSION
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