Abstract
Rodent cause major economic losses in man food item and often hinder production also, inflict health to people and live-stock in villages. Sohag one of the upper Egyptian Governorates is similarity in weather, agriculture and housing structure and lifestyle. Rodent species survey and calculate density in three different habitats to know the distribution shape and number development beside use change the base carrier of zinc phosphide bait technique when use more time to increase effectiveness in rodent control programs. Five species at family Muridae recorded in Akhmim district (Sohag Governorate) through 2014-2016 in the tested habitats, R. rattus, R. norvegicus, A. niloticus, A. cahirinus and M. musculus. The average number of all rodent species at two years was 689 rats and mice, 187.5 in field crops, 180.5 in vegetable city market and 321 in countryside village. Each habitat are discrimination of one specie, A. niloticus in field crops, A. cahirinus in countryside village and M.musculus in vegetable city market. R. rattus and R. norvegicus spread in the three habitats, R. norvegicus the predominant species in field crops only and R. rattus in other two habitats. The highest density of all recorded species was during spring then summer, whereas autumn and winter respectively. Using technique food base carrier at zinc phosphide bait 0.5% change in the next application after 15 delayed to increase the population reduction of rodent to 88.2 % and 84.6 % when change maize bait by wheat bait compared with applied the same food carrier of crushed maize over once after 15 day the reduction were 69 % and 71.7 % in countryside village and field crops respectively. The bait shyness of zinc phosphide reduce with change food bias carrier in the next application after 15 day the bait intake were (135 and 147 (g)) compared apply the same first bait after 15 day, bait intake were 22 and 26 g to each countryside village and field crops respectively
Highlights
Rodents are cosmopolitan in their distribution and they constitute the largest group of mammals represent nearly 40%, of all mammals living at the present time Bajomi (1982)
This study aims to survey the rodent species and density in different habitats, field crop; vegetable city market and countryside village in Akhmim district, Sohag Governorate and control them by change food bias carrier of zinc phosphide bait technique to overcome the bait shyness and increase the population reduction
Surveying rodent species in these habitats showed that, five species were found in all habitats, the Nile grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus; Roof rat, Rattus rattus and Wild Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus recorded in field crop
Summary
Rodents are cosmopolitan in their distribution and they constitute the largest group of mammals represent nearly 40%, of all mammals living at the present time Bajomi (1982). The dominant species and density related to habitats, crop installation, nearly reclamation land and abundance shelter and food and seasons, Hussein (1991); ElDeep and Lokma (1992); Emborak (1997); Abazzid (1990) and Salit et al, (1982). Gabr and Rizk (2010), minimize the concentration of zinc phosphide up to 0.25% and 0.125% with addition octylonium bromide to enhance bait intake and mortality against R. norvegicus. Use pre-bating technique in rodent control increase the bait intake and mortality adding some oils or flavor as zinc phosphide mask, Bhardway and Rhan (1979). This study aims to survey the rodent species and density in different habitats, field crop; vegetable city market and countryside village in Akhmim district, Sohag Governorate and control them by change food bias carrier of zinc phosphide bait technique to overcome the bait shyness and increase the population reduction
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