Abstract
Aim: The first purpose is to survey the cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) prevalence in 4 zones of neck, shoulder, hand/wrist and back, and the second purpose is to survey the risk factors producing upper limb musculoskeletal disorders by using OCRA index method. In this analytic-descriptive and cross-sectional study, incorporation of four data collection methods was contained; observing and interviewing methods, using questionnaire and check list, were utilized. Randomly, 384 samples for CTD prevalence and 423 samples for OCRA index exposure survey were collected by cluster ratio sampling. In this study, findings indicated that CTD prevalence was high in studied bakery workers and most disorder and pain were reported in back, knees and hand/wrist. Through different tasks, most percentage of neck CTD (7.1%) and shoulder CTD (27.8%) was related to selling and baker tasks respectively, and most percentage of hand/wrist CTD (33/3%) and back CTD (38.1%) was related to bread baker task. There was a significant correlation between shoulder, hand/wrist and back CTD with bakery and task type, and effect of job background on CTD preva-lence was improved in the above four zones. The rather high prevalence of CTD in the young pop-ulation with average age of 30 years which have a few work experiences and the results of per-formed risk assessment can be taken account of serious warning, if it is not considered.
Highlights
In the industrial world today, force labors, have to conform and fit to poor condition imposed by environment and applied tools, and accept existent limitation. The consequence of such compromise can be so serious and have an undesirable effect on individual life quality and health. In such situation man does not fit with work environment, type of work or equipment that is used, physically and mentally and continuance of this situation can result in musculoskeletal disorders which are the most common and main factors in losing work time, increasing costs and workforce injuries and according to research recently performed, they are taken to account cause of more than half of absenteeism in work environment and one third of repayments of work [1]-[3] and according to National Institute of Occupational and Safety Health (NIOSH) categories, these disorders are in the second rank after pulmonary diseases in terms of prevalence, intensity and prevention possibility [1]
After data collection, the subjects that contain above definition were extracted and categorized in four groups involve cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) in neck, shoulder, wrist/hand and lumbar, Chi-square test was used to survey the effect of bakery type, task type and work background on CTD prevalence and for calculating exposure to repetitive job activities index, at first 423 samples randomly collected by cluster ratio sampling and whereas dispense ratio of four studied bakery type in Kerman, using video recording technique and after different job and task analysis and assigning the required risk factors quantities, by entering them to OCRA software
After determining risk levels for right and left hand of each task in bakeries, it was specified that risk level of bread baker and baking tasks in every four bakeries as well as counter hand task in SANGAK and BAGUETTE bakeries and counter hand/seller agent in SANGAK bakery were in red zone or danger zone
Summary
In the industrial world today, force labors, have to conform and fit to poor condition imposed by environment and applied tools, and accept existent limitation The consequence of such compromise can be so serious and have an undesirable effect on individual life quality and health. One of the most important jobs which because of many repetitive movements, performing job in standing posture for a long time, wrong workstations and other factors such as psychological factors and improper environmental condition can cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders, is bakeries. Prevention of these disorders outbreak needs workstations assessment using ergonomics job analysis methods. There are different methods for job exposure assessment to determine risk factors producing musculoskeletal disorders that in this study OCRA index method is used as most perfect methods to evaluate upper limb extremity exposure to repetitive movement [5] [6] [9]
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