Survey of Mast Cell Mediator Levels from Patients Presenting with Symptoms of Mast Cell Activation

Abstract

Introduction: Although 4 mast cell mediators can be routinely measured, the results of initial testing to evaluate symptoms of mast cell activation have not been widely reported. Objective: We examined the results of mast cell mediator tests used to assess patients with mast cell activation symptoms during a 5-year time span. Methods: After excluding patients with alternative diagnoses, records of 108 patients were reviewed for initial mediator test results. Mediators included serum tryptase plus urinary N-methyl histamine (N-MH), leukotriene (LT)E₄, and 11β-prostaglandin (PG) F2α or 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α (BPG). Results: Most commonly, either a single measured elevation of 1 mediator (48.1%) or elevations of 2 (33.3%) mediators was found at baseline, during symptoms or at both time points. Elevated levels of a single mediator in order of frequency were: BPG > tryptase > LTE₄ > N-MH, and for two mediators: BPG + tryptase (n = 16 cases) > BPG + LTE₄ (n = 9) > BPG + N-MH (n = 6). Elevations in 3 mediators (n = 8) or 4 mediators (n = 2) were much less frequent. Monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome (n = 6), and systemic and cutaneous mastocytosis (n = 4) were also infrequent. Baseline plus symptom-associated tryptase values were obtained in only 7 patients. Conclusions: This survey suggests that elevations of 1 or 2 mediators are the most common (total 81.4% of cases) findings from initial tests for mast cell activation. Elevated levels of BPG were most commonly found both singly and in combination with other mediators, followed by the finding of elevated levels of tryptase. Baseline plus symptom-associated tryptase levels were measured in only a minority of patients.