Survey of Blood Groups DEA 1, DEA 4, DEA 5, Dal, and Kai 1/Kai 2 in Different Canine Breeds From a Diagnostic Laboratory in Germany.

Anne K Ebelt,Sonja Fuchs,Urs Giger,Corinna Weber,Elisabeth Müller

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00085

Anne K Ebelt, Sonja Fuchs + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00085

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Abstract

More than twelve blood group systems have been described in dogs, but little is known about their distribution frequencies within breed populations. Here, we report on an extensive typing survey carried out using available reagents and either established or new clinical kits in purebred dogs from Germany. Leftover anticoagulated blood samples were examined using an immunochromatographic strip method for DEA 1, a gel column technique for Dal and Kai 1/2, and new card agglutination tests for DEA 4 and DEA 5 (which were partially compared with the gel column technique). Monoclonal antibodies were used for DEA 1 and Kai 1/2 typing, and polyclonal antibodies were used for all other types. Among the 206 dogs, 59.2% were DEA 1+, 100% DEA 4+, 9% (Card)/11% (Gel) DEA 5+, 89.3% Dal+, 96.6% Kai 1+, and 2.9% Kai 2+. None of the dogs were Kai 1+/2+, and only one was Kai 1–/2–. Dal– dogs were found in several breeds. Erythrocytes from most DEA 1+ dogs bound strongly on the strips. The agglutination reactions for DEA 5 on the new card tests were generally less than those on the gel column. The blood group pattern DEA 4+, DEA 5–, Dal+, Kai 1+/2– and either DEA 1+ or DEA 1– was found among 80% of the dogs. In this first extensive blood typing survey of purebred dogs from Europe, the proportions of positive and negative blood types were similar to those found in the United States and, for DEA 1, were also similar to those from other European countries, with considerable breed variation in blood types. The newer typing techniques seem to work well and will likely be useful for detecting and preventing specific blood type incompatibilities in the clinic.

Highlights

Canine blood group systems are defined by the expression of various antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), with different individuals either missing a specific antigen or expressing it to varying degrees [1, 2]
Of the 64 [26] possible blood type combinations, 14 different patterns were found, with two predominant patterns that only differed by dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 type; 47% of the dogs were DEA 4+, DEA 5, Dal+, Kai 1+, Kai 2, or DEA 1+, and 33% were DEA 4+, DEA 5, Dal+, Kai 1+, Kai 2, or DEA 1–; 80% only differed by their DEA 1 type
The other 12 observed blood type patterns were seen in only 0.5–5% of the dogs, without any specific breed association

Summary

Introduction

Canine blood group systems are defined by the expression of various antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), with different individuals either missing a specific antigen (negative blood type) or expressing it to varying degrees (positive blood type) [1, 2]. Canine blood group systems, which number more than a dozen, have been identified utilizing antisera from previously transfused dogs and/or the generated monoclonal antibodies [1, 9]. An international committee meeting in the 1970s designated the initially identified blood group systems as Dog Erythrocyte Antigen—DEA [10]. Additional blood group systems are suspected to exist based upon incompatible major crossmatch test results observed in previously transfused dogs [13]

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