Abstract
Fungi play a vital role in the management of soil environment. Although various fungal communities are found in soil, it is difficult to determine the fungal community structure in soil. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey of fungal communities in Japanese Prunus mume orchard soil from 2010 to 2012 growing seasons using next-generation sequencing technology. Fungal DNA was directly extracted from the soil samples and the internal transcribed spacer 1 region was amplified by PCR and sequenced. We identified 34,826 fungal clone sequences from the soil samples. The fungal clones were sorted into 2132 operational taxonomic units and a majority of the discriminated clone sequences were classified as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The number of fungal species belonging to Ascomycota showed increases in June in the three growing seasons. That belonging to Glomeromycota showed increases in August in the three growing seasons. As Ascomycota fungi are wood decomposers and saprotrophs, the results suggested that the number of plant pathogenic fungi increased in Japanese P. mume orchard soil in June. These findings show for the first time the annual and seasonal fungal community structures in Japanese P. mume orchard soil, and are expected to provide valuable clues for improvement when planting new P. mume trees in Japanese orchards.
Highlights
In Japan, fungal disease is prevalent in plants because of considerable temperature fluctuations throughout the year, coupled with frequent rains and high humidity
We surveyed annual and seasonal fungal communities in Japanese P. mume orchard soil by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in an attempt to understand the relationship between soil microbial community and soil cation content in Japanese seasonal orchard soil
Ascomycota species exist as P. mume pathogens, endophytes, wood decomposers, and saprotrophs, and plant pathogenic fungi may increase in June and August in Japanese P. mume orchard soil
Summary
In Japan, fungal disease is prevalent in plants because of considerable temperature fluctuations throughout the year, coupled with frequent rains and high humidity. We surveyed annual and seasonal fungal communities in Japanese P. mume orchard soil by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in an attempt to understand the relationship between soil microbial community and soil cation content in Japanese seasonal orchard soil. Sixty soil samples were collected from P. mume orchard in Atami City, Shizuoka prefecture over a three-year period and subjected to NGS, to understand fungal community structures and their diversities in the soil. The results obtained enabled us to understand the seasonal variation of root rot decline caused by pathogenic fungi in soil, and suggested the appropriate season and place for planting new P. mume trees in Japanese orchards
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