Abstract
BackgroundBloodstream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality, and the epidemiology of Candida infection is changing. Surveillance for candidemia is necessary to detect trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance.MethodsThe medical and electronic records of all patients who had candidemia at the authors’ hospital from 2009 to 2011 were reviewed for demographic data and clinical information, including the infecting Candida species, resistance to antifungals and survival, and the presence of risk factors associated with candidemia.ResultsA total of 133 distinct episodes of candidemia were identified over the study period. The annual incidence of candidemia ranged between 0.71 and 0.85 cases/1000 hospital discharges. The most frequent Candida species were C. tropicalis (28.6%), followed by C. albicans (23.3%) and C. parapsilosis (19.5%). The rates of susceptibility to antifungal agents were as followed: voriconazole (97.8%), itraconazole (69.5%), fluconazole (46.1%), ketoconazole (38.9%). Out of 131 evaluable patients, 34 (26.0%) died within 30 days from the onset of candidemia. C. tropicalis candidemia was associated with the highest mortality rate (44.7%). Regarding the crude mortality in the different units, patients in Hemato-Oncology ward had the highest mortality rate (66.7%), followed by patients in cardiovascular wards and ICU (57.1% and 25.6%, respectively). Predictors of 30-day mortality were identified by uni- and multivariate analyses. Complicated abdominal surgery, presence of central venous catheter (CVC), neutropenia, candidemia due to C. tropicalis and poor treatment with fluconazole were significantly associated with the 30-day mortality. Presence of CVC (odds ratio[OR] = 4.177; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.698 to 10.278; P = 0.002) was the only independent predictor for mortality in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis report provides baseline data for future epidemiological and susceptibility studies and for the mortality rates associated with candidemia in our hospital. The knowledge of the local epidemiological trends in Candida species isolated in blood cultures is important to guide therapeutic choices.
Highlights
Bloodstream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality, and the epidemiology of Candida infection is changing
Candida spp. is one of the most frequent pathogens isolated in bloodstream infections (BSI), and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1,2]
The crude mortality rate of these infections is 40%-75% and the attributable mortality of candidemia has been estimated at 25%-38% [6,7]
Summary
Bloodstream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality, and the epidemiology of Candida infection is changing. Candida spp. is one of the most frequent pathogens isolated in bloodstream infections (BSI), and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1,2]. During the past two decades, the incidence of candidemia has been doubled and Candida spp. currently ranks as the fourth and the seventh most common bloodstream pathogen in North American and European studies [3,4]. Candidemia have been associated with high crude and attributable mortality rates, especially among critically ill patients. The crude mortality rate of these infections is 40%-75% and the attributable mortality of candidemia has been estimated at 25%-38% [6,7]. The economic impact of these infections is important: candidemia has been associated with increased costs of care and prolonged hospitalization [9]
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