Surveillance of drug resistance tuberculosis based on reference laboratory data in Ethiopia

Getu Diriba,Biniyam Dagne,Yeshiwork Abebaw,Bazezew Yenew,Epherem Tesfaye,Shewki Moga,Abebaw Kebede,Getachew Sied,Hilina Molalign,Habteyes Hailu Tola,Misikir Amare,Waganeh Sinshaw,Mengistu Tadesse,Abiyot Meaza,Ayinalem Alemu,Zemedu Mehamed

doi:10.1186/s40249-019-0554-4

Abstract

BackgroundBoth passive and active surveillance of drug resistance have an important role in tuberculosis (TB) control program. Surveillance data are important to estimate the magnitude of drug resistance TB, to know the trend of the disease, assess the performance of the program, and to forecast diagnosis and treatment supplies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and the proportion of drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia based on passively collected data.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and seven Regional TB laboratories in Ethiopia on a retrospective data collected from July 2017 to June, 2018. Data were collected by standardized checklist from TB culture laboratory registration book. Percentage of recovery rate, contamination rate, and prevalence of drug resistance TB were determined by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.ResultOf 10 134 TB suspected individuals included into this analysis, 1183 (11.7%) were culture positive. The overall contamination proportion was 5.3% and nontuberculous mycobacteria proportion was 0.98%. First-line drug susceptibility test was performed for 329 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, and the proportion of resistance was 5.7 and 6.3% for isoniazid and rifampicin respectively. The proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was 4.3% in new patients, while 6.7% in previously treated patients. However, there was no category for 0.6% patients, and the overall proportion of MDR-TB was 11.6%.ConclusionsThe result of this study indicated that MDR-TB is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. Thus, strengthen prevention and control program is vital to halt the burden of drug resistant TB in the country.

Highlights

Both passive and active surveillance of drug resistance have an important role in tuberculosis (TB) control program
The result of this study indicated that Multiple drug resistance (MDR)-TB is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia
Study design and area A cross-sectional study was conducted in National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) and seven regional TB culture laboratories from July 2017 to June 2018 in Ethiopia

Summary

Introduction

Both passive and active surveillance of drug resistance have an important role in tuberculosis (TB) control program. Surveillance data are important to estimate the magnitude of drug resistance TB, to know the trend of the disease, assess the performance of the program, and to forecast diagnosis and treatment supplies. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem that affects millions of people across the world [1]. It is a persistent health threat among the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the world population [1]. Drug resistant TB is the most global public health threat due to its risk to further spread across the world without boarder and its poor treatment outcome [2]. TB remains an enormous health and economic problem in developing (2019) 8:54 regions, but it is the main economic problem in high-income countries due to tuberculosis/human immune deficiency virus (TB-HIV) co-infection and the emergence of multidrug resistant MTB strains [4]

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