Surveillance of Cyclospora cayetanensis Epidemics in USA from Long-Term National Outbreaks Reporting System-Based Monitoring: An Observational Study Using Statistical Process Control Methodologies

,Mostafa Essam Ahmed Mostafa Eissa

doi:10.53986/ibjm.2020.0002

Abstract

Cyclosporiasis epidemics are caused primarily by food contaminated essentially with Cyclospora cayetanensis protozoa from Phylum Apicomplexa. National Outbreaks Reporting System (NORS) provides comprehensive monitoring and records for outbreaks in the USA. The pattern of the microbial epidemics could be investigated using statistical process control (SPC) techniques including Pareto analysis and control charts. The incidence of this outbreak is higher in some states more than others, especially Florida and transmitted mainly through herbal food constituents as a vehicle. Process-behavior charts show disease patterns and trends with the rate of occurrence per day 14.4%. Most of illness cases tend to occur in the summer environment except for March in one-year due spiking in the number of affected individuals during a solitary outbreak episode.

Highlights

The human parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis is belonging to Phylum Apicomplexa under Supergroup SAR (Alveolata Group) of cyst-former protozoa that form round oocyst and causing self-limited diarrhea [1]
Cyclosporiasis outbreak is one of the events that are monitored by the National Outbreaks Reporting System (NORS) internet platform adopted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to record outbreak incidents across the USA [3]
The primary mode for the transfer of this Eucoccidioridian protozoan is food sources and water to a much lower extent with herbal ingredients based on Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC) classification affecting more than half of the recorded cases

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The human parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis is belonging to Phylum Apicomplexa under Supergroup SAR (Alveolata Group) of cyst-former protozoa that form round oocyst and causing self-limited diarrhea [1]. Cyclosporiasis outbreak is one of the events that are monitored by the National Outbreaks Reporting System (NORS) internet platform adopted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to record outbreak incidents across the USA [3]. These commonly implicated foods can harbor sporulated oocysts which come from the excretion of unsporulated oocysts in feces of infected individuals and people get infected by ingestion of those contaminated foods.,. Statistical Process Control (SPC) tools could provide unique perspective descriptive analysis for Cyclosporiasis outbreaks in USA after long-term monitoring from official web-based data source

ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Findings

DISCUSSION