Abstract
BackgroundThe strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be divided into two distinct clades: class I and class II. At present, limited molecular epidemiological data are available for the class I virus at live bird markets (LBMs). Knowing the genomic and antigenic characteristics of class I NDVs might provide important insights into the evolution dynamics of these viruses. In this study class I NDVs isolated from LBMs in Eastern China between 2008 and 2012 were characterized.ResultsWe characterized 34 class I NDVs genetically and 15 of the 34 NDVs pathologically which originated from geese, chickens and ducks at live bird markets. Based on the older classification system, twelve of fourteen strains isolated from 2008 to 2010 belonged to sub-genotype 3b. However, the rest 22 strains formed a separate novel cluster in genotype 3, which was designated as sub-genotype 3c. When based on the new classification system, sub-genotype 3b was classified into sub-genotype 1a and the sub-genotype 3c was classified into sub-genotype 1b. Over 62% (21/34) of the viruses were chicken-origin and only 13 isolates were waterfowl-origin. The Cross-neutralization reactions between CK/JS/05/11, CK/JS/06/12 and the vaccine strain LaSota showed significant antigenic differences between them.ConclusionsCurrently, sub-genotype 3c (or 1b) NDVs are the most frequently isolated classI strains at LBMs in Eastern China., and the class I NDVs has transferred from waterfowls to chickens and circulated in chicken flocks extensively.
Highlights
The strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be divided into two distinct clades: class I and class II
NDV is a member of avian paramyxovirus (APMV), which belongs to the genus Avulavirus, sub-family Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae, and order Mononegavirales [3]
As Liu et al [8] only concerned about the class I virus circulating in ducks at LBMs in Eastern China, and deals of chickens were existed at the live bird markets (LBMs), the circulation of the class I virus among chickens has not been well elucidated
Summary
The strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be divided into two distinct clades: class I and class II. In this study class I NDVs isolated from LBMs in Eastern China between 2008 and 2012 were characterized. Liu et al has found that the class I virus strains circulating among Eastern China were genotype 2 and 3, while the genotype 3 can be divided into two sub-genotype: 3a and 3b [8]. As Liu et al [8] only concerned about the class I virus circulating in ducks at LBMs in Eastern China, and deals of chickens were existed at the live bird markets (LBMs), the circulation of the class I virus among chickens has not been well elucidated. We collected 7106 cloacal swabs from 600 flocks including both chickens and waterfowls for virus isolation from 2008 to 2012 and 34 class I isolates were characterized phylogentically while and 15 of the 34 NDVs were pathologically characterized
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