Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria play an important role in human infections. Bacteroides spp. are some of the 15 most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. We present antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results of 114 Gram-positive anaerobic isolates and 110 Bacteroides-fragilis-group-isolates (BFGI). Resistance profiles were determined by MIC gradient testing. Furthermore, we performed disk diffusion testing of BFGI and compared the results of the two methods. Within Gram-positive anaerobes, the highest resistance rates were found for clindamycin and moxifloxacin (21.9% and 16.7%, respectively), and resistance for beta-lactams and metronidazole was low (<1%). For BFGI, the highest resistance rates were also detected for clindamycin and moxifloxacin (50.9% and 36.4%, respectively). Resistance rates for piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were 10% and 7.3%, respectively. Two B. fragilis isolates were classified as multi-drug-resistant (MDR), with resistance against all tested beta-lactam antibiotics. The comparative study of 109 BFGI resulted in 130 discrepancies in 763 readings (17%) with a high number of Very Major Errors (VME) and Major Errors (ME). In summary, resistance rates, with the exception of clindamycin and moxifloxacin, are still low, but we are facing increasing resistance rates for BFGI. Surveillance studies on a regular basis are still recommended.
Highlights
Different Gram-positive anaerobic cocci like Finegoldia magna, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Parvimonas micra account for approximately 25–30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens [3]
As studies on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of anaerobic bacteria are underrepresented in the literature [9], we present antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results of 114 Gram positive anaerobic isolates and 110 Bacteroides fragilis group isolates (BFGI) determined by MIC gradient testing derived from clinical specimens in Southeast Austria
Due to worldwide increase in resistance rates, especially for Bacteroides spp., and extensive differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria isolated within different countries, local surveillance studies on a regular basis are highly recommended [9,12]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Anaerobic bacteria play an important role in a variety of human infections. The Bacteroides fragilis group represents one of the most important anaerobic clinical pathogens and ranges under the 15 most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections [1,2]. Different Gram-positive anaerobic cocci like Finegoldia magna, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Parvimonas micra account for approximately 25–30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens [3]. Within the Gram-positive anaerobe rods, Cutibacterium acnes plays an important role, especially in prosthetic joint infections [4]
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