Abstract
A hierarchical partition of the Wright coefficient of inbreeding (F) is shown for an isolated population (about 2000 inhabitants) from a mountainous region of Tuscany (Italy) with regard to both surnames and genes. At total population level surname variation proves substantially consistent with the observed genetic differentiation of the isolate. Analysis of parental isonymy reveals that the population is structured in subunits and it is concluded that the unit population of the region may be very small, practically coinciding with the village (less than 500 inhabitants). The agreement of 'demographic' and genetic structures is less satisfactory at this level, partly because of subsample size, but we conclude that analysis of surnames may give at least a rough idea of the genetic structure of the population.
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