Abstract
The ocurrence of surge and related problems is conceptually described in this paper, and then illustrated with both a mathematical model and field records. The paper also proposes and analyzes alternatives. It is noted that an urban storm drainage system could pressurize if its conveyance capacity is not sufficient or if it is also desinged for in-line storage. Surges caused by pressurization have been explained as a major source of transient problems such a sharp-peaked overflow, manhole blow-off, geysering, and structural damages. Severe shocks are produced whenever the surge front collides with an upstream end or a flow-restricting structure. The application is described of a mixed transient flow model to the Chicago Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP), Illinois. It was used to study possible means of mitigating the surge problems. The most critical factor was found to be the surge intensity at the end of the pressurization process. Four possible operational and structral methods for in-line storage systems were investigated.
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