Surgically Induced Macular Detachment for Treatment of Refractory Full-Thickness Macular Hole: Anatomical and Functional Results

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of surgically induced macular detachment (MD) for the treatment of refractory full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Materials and Methods: Clinical data were age, gender, lens status, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Preoperative tomographic parameters were: FTMH morphology (intraretinal cyst and elevated or flat edges) and FTMH diameter. Postoperative FTMH closure and outer retinal layer (ORL) restoration were evaluated. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and BCVA were analyzed at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th postoperative month. The interval between the first surgery for idiopathic FTMH and the surgically induced MD for refractory FTMH was collected (intersurgical interval, days). Results: Ten eyes of 10 patients were included. The mean age was 68.8 ± 6.8 years. FTMH closure was obtained in 9 patients; in 8 patients, ORL restoration was detected. BCVA improved from 1.06 ± 0.1 (baseline) to 0.56 ± 0.2 (final) logMAR (p = 0.0001). A negative correlation between the intersurgical interval and postoperative visual gain was demonstrated (r = –0.3618). FAF and OCT showed a permanent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage corresponding to the retinotomy points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of this technique and highlights the risk of RPE damage, suggesting the need to perform the retinotomy points outside the macula.