Abstract
Two operations have become established in surgery as procedures of necessity in the successful treatment of persistent retroversion of the uterus. One is the operation of shortening the round ligaments of the uterus in the inguinal canal or the Alexander operation; the other that of fixing the uterus by some means to the abdominal wall through a laparotomy incision, or the operation of ventral fixation of the uterus. THE ALEXANDER OPERATION. The names of Alquie, of Montpellier, Alexander and Adams, of England, should be inseparably coupled with the inception of this operation. Alquie, 7 the Frenchman, conceived the idea and presented a memorial to the Academy of Medicine, Nov. 17, 1840. No operation had been performed. Alexander, 2 of Liverpool, performed his first operation, Dec. 14, 1881, but did not publish until January, 1883. Adams, 3 of Glasgow, operated independently two months later than Alexander, but published more than six
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