SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE VERTEBRAL-SPINAL TRAUMA AT THORACIC AND LUMBAR LEVELS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

Objective is to analysis of literature data, which analyzed the treatment data for patients with single and multiple spinal trauma at the thoracic and lumbar levels. Materials and methods. The article analyzes 98 sources of domestic and foreign sewers published from 1971 to 2015, which reflect the issues of epidemiology, classification, clinical course, tactics of surgical treatment of patients with single and multiple vertebral-spinal trauma at thoracic and lumbar levels. In the sources, the results of treatment of long-term observations were performed. Results. In the structure of spine and spinal cord trauma, its weighting is noted: an increase in the proportion of combined and complicated injury. Also in recent years there has been an increase in the number of multiple (5–20 %) and multilevel (3–50 %) spinal injuries. Despite the widespread use of modern diagnostic methods, such as computer and magnetic resonance imaging, the widespread distribution of X-ray diagnostics, multiple spinal injuries are not diagnosed in all cases or not in full. A huge number of both russian and foreign works is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral-spinal trauma in general. The works highlight some aspects of diagnosis, tactics of management, scope and timing of surgical treatment for trauma to the spinal cord and spinal cord with lesions at various levels. However, there is a small number of publications, both in foreign and russian literature, devoted specifically to the diagnostic search features and tactics of surgical treatment of patients with multiple vertebral-spinal trauma. None of the work fully covers the tactics, sequence and features of treatment with multiple spine and spinal trauma. Conclusion. Improvement of the diagnostic algorithm and development of optimal tactics for surgical treatment, prevention of complications and reduction of mortality in the group of these patients require more detailed specification and study, which will be of great practical interest.